House



(No Model.)

E. W. LAWRENCE.

HUUSB.

No. 288.072. Patented Nov. 188s.

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FREDERICK w. LAWRENCE,

A'rnNr trios;

or BROOKLYN, NEW irons.V

HOUSE.

SPECIFICATIQN forming partof Letters Patent No. 288,072, dated November 6, 1883; .Y Application filed July 2, 1883. (No model.)

useful Improvement in Houses and otherBuildings, of which the following `is aspeciiication.n

My improvement involves the use of askeleton frame, preferably made of tubing, in combination with cement or concrete applieddiro rectly to the skeleton'ri'rame and filling the spaces between adjacent sections or portions thereof, which form the walls, floors, and other A parts of buildings.

, In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is I 5 a vertical section ot a building embodying my improvement, and Fig. 2 is a horizont-al section of the same.

Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts in both figures.

2o A designatesiootpieces, consisting of T-V shaped iron couplings, with pieces of pipe A fitted and secured Iinto their sockets a, which are inline. l

B designates upright postsV or stanchions,

- which consist of iron pipes screwed into the sockets la. of the couplings A, forming parts of the foot-pieces. One of these posts or stanchions is arranged at each vertical corner of the building, and others may be used between c 3,0 these at such distances apart as will impart to the building the strength which it is desired to have. The foot-pieces and the adjacent parts of the posts or stanchions are embedded in the earth or in a rubble or similar foundation, E, These posts or stanchions are connected by horizontal braces C at suitable distances apart. These braces C consist of iron pipes; but `the iron pipes of which these braces are formed may be muchsmaller than the 4o pipes forming-,the posts or stanchions B. The

posts or stanchions B are made of sections of y pipe united by couplings b. The braces G extend between the posts or stanchions, and are fitted into tapped holes or sockets c, with 4 which the pipes forming the posts or stanchions are provided; The pipes forming the braces will be reversely screw-threaded at the ends'namely, willbe provided with a righthand screw-thread and at the other end with 5o a left-hand screw-thread-and the tapped y Y holes or sockets c are correspondingly screwthreaded, so that the brace-pipes may be simultaneously screwed at both ends into the stanohions.

-The lower braces, G, are shown as embedded iinV the earth or foundation F, but the upper braces are above the foundation.

. The floor of the lower compartment or story lof the building may be made by covering the earth withcement and by laying boards over that, if desirable. Vhere there are to be win- .dows braces C may be arranged just above and below the positions which the lintels and sills are to occupy, and other braces, C', extend be- .tween thesev braces C, close to the portions which the jambs ofthe windows are to occupy. Doorframes may be similarly made.

horizontally between the posts or stanchions B. They areformed of large iron pipes and are united to the posts or stanchions by T-shaped couplings b, which also secure sections of the posts or stanchions together. The pipes forming the beams or girders are reversely screwthreadedY at the ends, and the sockets of the couplings b, into which they screw, are corre spondingly scrcw-threaded, so that said pipes maybe screwed at both ends simultaneously into thesaid sockets.

y I have shown rods F as extending obliquely `Abetween the upper horizontal braces, C, and the beams or girders E. Th esc maybe secured by rivets.

Between the beams or girders E joists G eX- tend. They are made of small iron pipes screwing into tapped holes or sockets in the pipes forming the beams or girders E. They are provided at the ends with reversed screwthreads, so that they may be screwed simulbeams or girders. The tapped holes or sockets into which the pipes forming the joists G are screwed must ofcourse be screw-threaded correspondingly to the ends of the pipes which they are to receive.

Braces H, consisting of small iron pipes screwed into tapped sockets with which the the joist-pipes together. The pipes forming these braces H and the sockets in which they t are reversely screw-threaded, so that these tapped holes or sockets of opposite posts o1" taneously int-o the pipesforming opposite E designates beams or girders extending pipes forming the joists are provided, connect IOO brace-pipes may be screwed simultaneously into the sockets of the opposite joist-pipes, which the brace-pipesconnect. y

\ In lieu of employing the brace-pipes H, a set of pipes arranged in a lower plane and connecting opposite beams or girders, E,Vmay

r be employed. Such lowerseries of pipes would be reverselyscrew-threadcd at the ends and fitted into correspondingly screw -threaded sockets.

Cement or concrete is set and molded with the aid of boards or otherwise around the skeleton forming the walls and the skeletons forming the oors, and a complete building is thus produced. rIhc cement or concrete is applied directly to the skeleton frame and iills all the spaces between adjacent sections or portions thereof. t

In making the walls a boxing is built around the pipes for a certain height and then the cement or concrete is rammed in, the boxing being raised from time to time until the walls are completed. In building the floors a scaffolding is erected at the point where the ceiling is to be formed, and the cement is rammed down upon it from above till the required thickness is obtained.

Partitions may be made like' the walls, but with smaller horizontal pipes. The cement or concrete used on `the partition skeletons may have sawdust incorporated with it to make it light.

Plaster may be applied to the walls and ceilings without lathing, if desirable, and boards may be applied to the floors.

I thus produce a simple and cheap building of immense strength and stability, and one which is almost absolutely fire-proof. Owing to the immense strength which is due to such a structure, the walls and noors may be made thinner than usual, and hence the inside space c will be increased as compared with ordinary structures possessing the same strength.

Any part of the exterior ofthe building may be faced with bricks, stone, iron, or otherv building material, if desired, for the purpose of ornamentation.

A sidewalk-light may be constructed likethe floors, with the exception that panes or pieces of glass will be incorporated with or into the cement.

The roof may be made like the oors, except that it will preferably be arranged on a slant.

An important advantage of this building is that, owing to the fact that the floors will be water-proof, a lower story may be completed even toplastering, kalsomining, and paintingwhile an upper story or stories are still in process of erection. rIwo sets of work- 6o men may thus beemployed at the same time, v and the building may be much more speedily completed than when built in the ordinary manner.

Some of the pipes which are used in the construction of' theY building may be used as Ventilating shafts or passages, others as water service-pipes, others as waste-pipes, and still others as gas-conduits, if desirable.

In some cases a part or parts only of a build- 7o ing may be made according to .my improvement. ,The pipes used in carrying out myy improvement may be connected in other ways than those described.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A building comprising in its structure a skeleton of iron, and cement or concrete applied directly to the skeleton, and filling v the spaces between adjacent portions thereof, 8oy substantially as specified.

2. A building comprising in its structure a skeleton of iron pipes, coupled and connected together, and cement or concrete applied directly to said skeleton and lling the spaces S5 between adjacent sections or portions thereof,

- substantially as specified.

3. In a building, the combination of ,pipes forming posts or stanchions, pipes forming beams or girders, couplings connecting sec- 9o' tions of the pipes forming the posts or stanchions, and securing the pipes forming the beams or girders thereto, and cement or concrete applied directly to the said pipes and filling the spaces between them, substantially 9 5 as specified. Y

4. In a building, the combination of pipes forming posts or stanchions, pipes forming beams or girders, `couplings securing the pipes forming the posts or stanchions, and the pipes roo forming the ,beams or girders together, pipes forming joists, secured to the pipes forming Vthe beams or girders, and cement or concrete applied directly to the said pipes and lling the spaces between them, substantially as specified. 

